The Sahel region, long known for its arid climate and harsh living conditions, is set to become a beacon of renewable energy transformation through the Desert to Power (DtP) initiative. Spearheaded by the African Development Bank (AfDB), this ambitious project aims to turn the vast desert landscape into a renewable energy powerhouse, with a goal of generating 10 gigawatts (GW) of solar power by 2030. As part of this initiative, Eritrea is taking significant strides to boost its energy sector by rolling out three major mini-grid projects that will enhance electricity access for thousands of people.
Like many African nations, Eritrea has long struggled with inadequate electricity infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. While urban centers have relatively better access, the national electrification rate remains low—just 53%, with rural communities seeing an access rate as low as 10%. The country’s energy supply is largely dependent on expensive and polluting diesel generators, making it both financially and environmentally unsustainable.
With electricity being a key driver of economic development, the lack of reliable power in Eritrea has hindered progress in crucial sectors such as healthcare, education, and industry. Recognizing the urgent need for transformation, the government has aligned itself with the Desert to Power framework to deploy sustainable energy solutions.
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The Desert to Power initiative is a game-changer for Africa’s renewable energy landscape. Designed to capitalize on the continent’s vast solar potential, it focuses on five key pillars:
- Expanding grid-connected solar power capacity
- Strengthening national and regional grid infrastructure
- Deploying decentralized energy solutions such as mini-grids
- Enhancing the financial and operational capabilities of power utilities
- Creating an enabling environment for private sector investment in renewable energy
By tapping into these pillars, the initiative seeks to provide electricity to 250 million people across 11 countries, including Eritrea, transforming energy accessibility and fostering sustainable economic growth.
Eritrea has already taken significant steps toward a clean energy future. In 2023, the country secured a $49.92 million grant from the African Development Fund to develop the 30 MW Dekemhare solar power plant. Once operational, this project is expected to increase the share of renewable energy in Eritrea’s national grid from 3% to 23%, significantly reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels.
Building on this momentum, Eritrea is now launching three new solar mini-grid projects under the DtP framework, targeting the regions of Tesseney, Kerkebet, and Barentu. These mini-grids, totaling 12 MW, are designed to provide reliable and affordable electricity to communities that have long been underserved.
The Three Mini-Grid Projects
1. Tesseney 6 MW Solar PV Mini-Grid System: The largest of the three, this 6 MW solar mini-grid will power Tesseney, a key town near the Sudanese border.
2. Kerk
Improve quality of life – Reliable power will enhance healthcare facilities, enabling them to operate medical equipment effectively. Schools will benefit from improved lighting and access to digital learning tools.
Boost economic growth – Small businesses and local industries will have the energy they need to expand, creating jobs and increasing economic output.
Enhance Environmental Sustainability – Shifting away from diesel generators will significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to Eritrea’s climate goals.
Encourage private investment – With a growing renewable energy sector, Eritrea is positioning itself as an attractive destination for investors looking to develop clean energy solutions.
While the prospects are promising, the success of these projects will depend on overcoming several challenges. Technical capacity remains a critical issue, requiring continuous training and investment in human resources to ensure the smooth operation of the mini-grids. Financial sustainability is another concern, as long-term success will require affordable pricing models that balance cost recovery with accessibility for low-income households.
Moreover, integrating these mini-grids into the national energy framework will require strong policy support and infrastructure development. The government’s commitment to creating a favorable regulatory environment will be crucial in attracting further investment and ensuring the long-term viability of these projects.
As the world transitions toward cleaner energy sources, initiatives like these highlight the power of strategic investments in sustainability. Eritrea’s commitment to renewable energy is a testament to Africa’s potential to lead the way in green energy transformation, proving that even the most challenging environments can become hubs of innovation and progress.
