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Ghana’s energy reforms and investment opportunities

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April 1, 2025

Ghana’s energy reforms and investment opportunities

Ghana’s ambitious energy transition plans and investment opportunities will take center stage on April 14, 2025, at the Invest in African Energies: Accra Investor Briefing. The event will provide strategic insights into Ghana’s energy roadmap, featuring a keynote address by the Minister of Energy and Green Transition, John Abdulai Jinapor. His participation is set to highlight Ghana’s evolving energy landscape, regulatory reforms, and investment prospects in the oil, gas, and renewable energy sectors.

Ghana is positioning itself as a premier investment destination in West Africa, leveraging industry reforms to attract capital and expertise. With over 17 oil and gas projects planned over the next three years, the country is balancing fossil fuel investments with sustainability commitments. A cornerstone of this strategy is the Gas Master Plan (GMP), which provides a blueprint for gas sector growth through 2040. The plan encourages capital injection and technological advancement across the gas value chain, unlocking the full potential of Ghana’s estimated 2.1 trillion cubic feet of gas reserves.

Regulatory reforms have also played a key role in driving investment. Amendments to laws now require oil and gas companies to allocate at least 15% of each project to the state as free and carried interest, while flexible royalty regimes create a more competitive business environment. These measures aim to boost investor confidence while ensuring that Ghana derives long-term economic benefits from its natural resources.

Several high-impact projects are already advancing Ghana’s energy sector in 2025. The Pecan 1A Upstream Project, spearheaded by Aker Energy, Lukoil, and the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC), is set to monetize up to 268 million barrels of oil across two phases. Meanwhile, the Atuabo II Gas Processing Plant, developed by Ghana Gas and its partners, will begin operations with an initial capacity of 150 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscf/d), scaling up to 300 mmscf/d in its second phase.e

Exploration and production activities at the Jubilee and TEN fields, operated by Tullow Oil, are also progressing. The company’s 2025-2026 drilling program includes one producer and one injector well at the Jubilee field, alongside a 4D seismic survey. Additionally, GNPC’s plans to drill an exploration well in the Voltaian Basin signal Ghana’s commitment to unlocking new reserves and diversifying its energy supply.

Beyond oil and gas, Ghana is making strides in establishing an integrated petroleum hub—the first of its kind in West Africa. This ambitious project will feature three refineries, five petrochemical plants, storage tanks, jetties, a port, and supporting LNG and logistics infrastructure. The first phase of the hub, backed by the TCP-UIC private sector consortium, was finalized in 2024, marking a major step toward energy security and industrial development.

However, Ghana’s energy transition is not solely reliant on fossil fuels. The government is increasingly prioritizing renewable energy investments, aligning with global climate commitments while enhancing energy accessibility. Solar and wind energy projects are gaining traction, with policies encouraging private sector participation. The Accra Investor Briefing will explore how Ghana’s evolving energy mix presents lucrative opportunities for foreign investors.

As a precursor to African Energy Week (AEW): Invest in African Energies 2025, the Accra Investor Briefing will provide a platform for stakeholders to engage in high-level discussions on Ghana’s energy future. Minister Jinapor’s keynote speech will outline government strategies for industry growth, sustainability, and regulatory stability. A fireside chat between the Minister and NJ Ayuk, Executive Chairman of the African Energy Chamber (AEC), will further unpack Ghana’s potential as a regional energy hub.

The briefing will also serve as a networking opportunity for financiers, project developers, and policymakers to explore partnerships in the energy sector. Discussions will cover investment mechanisms for the petroleum hub, funding strategies for renewable energy expansion, and insights into infrastructure development.

While oil and gas remain crucial to Ghana’s energy economy, the country is actively working to integrate sustainable practices into its energy framework. Measures such as carbon capture initiatives, methane emissions reduction programs, and green financing mechanisms are being explored to ensure responsible resource utilization. Ghana’s energy strategy aligns with the broader African goal of achieving energy security while mitigating climate impact.
NJ Ayuk commended Ghana’s progressive reforms, stating, “Ghana is rapidly emerging as one of West Africa’s most attractive oil, gas, and infrastructure markets, thanks to the Ministry of Energy and Green Transition’s forward-thinking policies. By creating a stable regulatory environment, Ghana is fostering investor confidence and paving the way for long-term economic growth. The Accra Investor Briefing will be a vital forum for sharing updates on these reforms and engaging global investors.”

Ghana’s energy sector is at a pivotal moment, with government-driven reforms and large-scale projects shaping its trajectory. As the country accelerates its energy transition while capitalizing on oil and gas resources, the Invest in African Energies: Accra Investor Briefing will offer key insights into investment opportunities and regulatory advancements. With a clear vision for sustainability, Ghana is poised to become a major energy hub in Africa, balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

Kenya and the Netherlands strengthen trade ties with landmark agreements

Africa

External Source

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March 27, 2025

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Kenya and the Netherlands strengthen trade ties with landmark agreements

Kenya and the Netherlands have solidified their bilateral relations by signing three memoranda of understanding (MOUs) and a Letter of Intent aimed at boosting trade between the two nations. These agreements were formalized at State House, Nairobi, marking the commencement of a three-day State Visit by King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima of the Netherlands to Kenya.

During a joint press briefing, President William Ruto emphasized the alignment of Kenya’s Vision 2030 with the Netherlands’ expertise in sustainable agriculture, water management, and renewable energy.
“The Netherlands’ global leadership in sustainable agriculture, water management, and renewable energy aligns seamlessly with Kenya’s Vision 2030,” said President Ruto.
King Willem-Alexander highlighted the deep-rooted diplomatic ties between Kenya and the Netherlands, which have flourished for over six decades.
“We attach great value to our cooperation with Kenya. This visit shows how our interests are aligned and how close our ties have become,” he stated.

The signing ceremony was attended by Deputy President Kithure Kindiki, Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs Musalia Mudavadi, other Cabinet Secretaries, Principal Secretaries, and key stakeholders.

The signed MOUs include the establishment of a Joint Trade Committee to enhance bilateral trade, the Terms of Reference for an Agriculture Working Group to advance agricultural collaboration, and an agreement to foster tourism by encouraging Dutch tourists to visit Kenya and promoting Dutch investment in Kenya’s tourism sector.

Additionally, the Letter of Intent from the Dutch company Invest International outlines plans to fund two critical water projects—the Naivasha Special Economic Zone Water Supply and Sanitation Project and the Sabaki Bulk Water Supply Project—at a combined cost of €3 million (KSh423 million).
“These projects will enhance access to clean and reliable water, a fundamental pillar for sustainable development and economic progress,” noted President Ruto.
He also welcomed the entry of Invest Africa, a Dutch investment entity, into the Kenyan market, citing its potential to inject significant capital into Kenya’s private sector.
To further strengthen diplomatic and strategic relations, the two leaders instructed their foreign ministers to convene political consultations on Wednesday. These discussions will focus on regional peace and security, climate change, multilateral engagement, and strategic development partnerships.

“At a time of fraying partnerships, I urged their Majesties to maintain the commitments of the Netherlands to the principles of global solidarity and subsidiarity,” said President Ruto.
King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima have a packed schedule during their visit. They are set to engage with young Kenyans to discuss their aspirations and future opportunities.
“This will be a wonderful opportunity to meet Kenyans from different backgrounds and foster even closer ties between our two countries,” the King remarked.
A key highlight of their visit will be the launch of a direct cold-chain corridor from Kenya to Rotterdam at the Inland Container Depot in Naivasha, a game-changing initiative for the transportation of perishable goods.
The royal couple will also visit the Supreme Court and participate in the Kenya-Dutch Business Forum, engaging with business leaders to explore further collaboration opportunities.

“I am confident that these engagements will provide Your Majesties with valuable insights into Kenya’s progress and opportunities for further collaboration,” President Ruto concluded.
This visit marks a significant milestone in Kenya-Netherlands relations, reinforcing economic and diplomatic ties while laying the foundation for enhanced cooperation in key sectors.

A common legal framework for sustainable agriculture in Africa

Annancieta Mwololo

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March 26, 2025

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A common legal framework for sustainable agriculture in Africa

Nigeria’s former president and Africa’s senior statesman, Olusegun Obasanjo, once said that “A nation that cannot feed itself will be enslaved. This is why agriculture is the cornerstone of our development strategies”. President Obasanjo’s statement remains relevant today as it was a decade ago. The senior statesman’s statement is a call for Africa to embark on a journey to food security through agriculture. While the continent answered this call, through the launch of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP), more than two decades ago, challenges abound with respect to ensuring that Africa’s aspiration to food security is achieved, and sustainably so.

But how can the continent become food secure while at the same time confronting the perils of climate change?

The answer lies in sustainable agriculture. Far be it from this article asserting that sustainable agriculture laws and policies are nonexistent in Africa. The vast majority of African states have got laws and policies which steer their sustainable agricultural activities. Others are currently enacting those laws and policies in order to be in consonance with the prevailing global sustainability trend. The continent, however, lacks a common legal framework to guide sustainable agriculture. This is in spite of similarities in climatic conditions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. What comes closer to a legal framework for sustainable agriculture in Africa is the Malabo Declaration of 2014. This is an aspirational framework adopted by the African Union Heads of State and Governments in 2014. Among other things, the Malabo Declaration commits to end hunger in Africa by ensuring that the continent is food secure by 2025. There is no mention of sustainability in the Declaration.

Compare the above aspirational framework to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). The European Commission (the civil service of the EU) relies on the CAP to push for sustainable agriculture across the 27 EU member states. The EU is not alone in adopting common legal and policy frameworks on sustainable agriculture. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted its own Regional Guidelines for Sustainable Agriculture as recent as October 2022. This framework provides policymakers within ASEAN member states with a general outline of new sustainable and circular agricultural policies which should form part of their policies. The Organization of American States (OAS) has not been left behind in this regard. Through its Department of Sustainable Development (DSD), the OAS provides support to its member states in implementing sustainable agricultural policies.

Way forward?

There is an African adage which says that if you want to go fast, go alone, but if you want to go far, go together. It underscores the importance of common action. African nations must, therefore, decide whether they will continue ‘going alone’ as far as sustainable agricultural policies are concerned or work together to form a unified legal framework for sustainable agriculture in the continent. The problem with the ‘alone’ approach is the proliferation of fragmented policies throughout individual African nations. These fragmented policies are likely to be at odds with each other. Such policies may even be a source of conflict among neighboring African nations which share common natural resources such as lakes, rivers and water towers. In view of the demerits of the ‘alone’ approach, the ‘going together’ approach seems to be the most sensible. After all, the realization of the aspiration to food security in Africa is a ‘journey of a thousand miles.’ It is an aspiration that requires a multi-faceted approach and multiple players.

Read: Africa adopts a bold new agriculture strategy: Aiming for sustainable and inclusive food systems by 2035

What does a common sustainable agriculture policy for Africa look like?

A sustainable agricultural policy for Africa should not necessarily require every African nation to implement homogenous agricultural legal frameworks. It should leave room for African nations to draft agricultural policies which reflect their national circumstances. A common policy, however, should be able to guide African nations’ sustainable agriculture practices which ensure reliable food supply while at same time improving soil health, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and protecting biodiversity. It should also provide African Union (AU) member states with a platform for seeking technical and financial assistance where the implementation of such policies proves to be an uphill task for poor African nations.

Africa is not that far off the mark as far as the formulation and operationalization of a common sustainable agricultural legal framework is concerned. After all, the continent has the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) to guide its agricultural policy. What this program lacks is the sustainability aspect as well as legal impetus. It, however, lays the ground for a continent-wide common legal framework. Reforming this program is one way of answering Pres. Obasanjo’s call for Africa to feed herself. After all, Africa is not devoid of such capacity.

Namibia achieves historic first in green hydrogen production

Energy

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March 25, 2025

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Namibia achieves historic first in green hydrogen production

Namibia has taken a groundbreaking step towards a green industrial future with the successful production of its first green hydrogen at HyIron’s Oshivela plant. This milestone positions Namibia as a leader in Africa’s renewable energy transition, leveraging advanced electrolyser technology from China’s Peric Hydrogen Systems to drive sustainable industrialization.

On March 12, 2025, HyIron’s Oshivela facility officially commenced green hydrogen production using a 12MW electrolyser—the largest of its kind in Southern Africa. This development is a testament to Namibia’s commitment to green energy and its aspirations to become a global hub for sustainable industrial practices.

The project, backed by the Namibian government and supported by over 60 local Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), integrates a cutting-edge renewable energy infrastructure. The facility is powered entirely by a 25MW solar farm and supported by 13.4MW of battery storage, enabling operations to run exclusively on clean energy.

HyIron is pioneering the use of green hydrogen in industrial processes, beginning with the production of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). The Oshivela plant is set to produce approximately 15,000 tonnes of iron annually, starting at an initial capacity of five tonnes per hour. This marks a crucial step towards reducing emissions in the traditionally carbon-intensive iron and steel industry.

This achievement is a pivotal moment for HyIron and for Namibia’s green industrialization ambitions. They are now in the process of gradually scaling up the electrolyser to its full capacity, laying the foundation for zero-emission iron production

The success of the Oshivela project has been made possible through strong partnerships. Namibia’s national green hydrogen initiative has provided vital support, while the involvement of over 60 Namibian SMEs underscores the project’s role in fostering local expertise and economic growth.

International collaboration has also played a key role, with Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) supporting the initiative. Additionally, HyIron has secured a major offtake agreement with German metals processing company Benteler for 200,000 tonnes per year of hydrogen-reduced iron, reinforcing Namibia’s position as a reliable supplier of sustainable industrial materials.

Construction of the Oshivela plant began in April 2024, and in under a year, it has successfully commenced operations. This rapid development highlights Namibia’s capability to execute large-scale renewable energy projects efficiently, setting an example for other African nations aiming to harness their renewable resources for sustainable industrialization.

As HyIron continues to scale up production, the Oshivela plant stands as a beacon of innovation, showcasing how Africa can lead in the global shift towards green hydrogen and clean industrial processes. With Namibia at the forefront, the continent is steadily advancing toward a more sustainable and economically resilient future.

Climate justice and the moral duty to act

Climate change

Annancieta Mwololo

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March 25, 2025

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Climate justice and the moral duty to act

In a small coastal village, Binti, a mother of three, wakes up before dawn to check on what remains of her home. The rising sea has already swallowed half of the village, forcing families to move further inland, where land is scarce and resources are limited. Just a few years ago, Binti’s husband was a fisherman, the only breadwinner in their family. Now, the fish have disappeared, and the once-thriving community is struggling to survive.

Meanwhile, thousands of miles away, industries continue to emit greenhouse gases, creating enormous wealth for investors while driving the climate crisis that is devastating communities like Binti’s. These communities have contributed the least to the problem yet suffer the most. This stark inequality is at the heart of climate justice—a principle that acknowledges that those least responsible for climate change often pay the highest price.

Climate justice highlights that the effects of climate change are not distributed equally. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) defines climate justice as “putting equity and human rights at the core of decision-making and action on climate change.” Organizations such as Earth.Org and the Laudato Si Movement (LSM) echo this sentiment, emphasizing the deep interconnection between humanity and the environment.

Climate change exacerbates existing social and economic inequalities, disproportionately affecting poor and marginalized groups, particularly in developing nations. These communities are often ill-equipped to adapt to changing climatic conditions or recover from climate-related disasters, making them even more vulnerable to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and infrastructure damage.

Principles of climate justice

Climate justice serves as a framework to address the social, political, and ethical dimensions of climate change. By advocating for an equitable distribution of climate burdens and benefits, activists seek to prevent marginalized communities from being disproportionately affected. Key principles of climate justice include:

1. Human rights-based approach

Climate change threatens fundamental human rights, including access to food, water, shelter, healthcare, and livelihoods. Vulnerable populations—such as women, children, people with disabilities, and indigenous communities—are particularly at risk. The right to a healthy environment and the rights of climate refugees, who are forced to migrate due to climate-induced disasters, must be prioritized in climate policies.

2. Accountability and responsibility

Climate justice demands that those most responsible for the crisis—high-emission industries, developed nations, and fossil fuel firms—are held accountable. Transparency in climate action and enforcement of climate commitments are crucial. One example of accountability is the Polluter-Pays Principle, introduced by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1972. This principle holds high-emission countries and corporations financially responsible for their environmental impact, compelling them to reduce emissions and contribute to climate adaptation funds.

3. Equity and fairness

While climate change affects everyone, it does not do so equally. Poorer nations and marginalized groups experience the worst consequences despite contributing the least to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate justice calls for fair resource distribution, including climate finance, disaster relief, and access to clean technologies. Additionally, a just transition ensures that workers and communities reliant on fossil fuels receive financial and social protection as the world shifts to greener economies.

4. Intergenerational justice

Sustainability means meeting present needs without compromising the future. Climate justice emphasizes that today’s decisions must not create a legacy of environmental disasters for future generations. Long-term climate planning, environmental stewardship, and youth involvement are essential to ensuring a livable planet for those who come after us.

The Catholic Church’s Jubilee Year 2025 is centered on the theme “Pilgrims of Hope.” As the world grapples with crises like climate change, the theme serves as a reminder that hope is still within reach. By embracing the principles of climate justice, today’s generation can be seen as Pilgrims of Hope—not only stewards of the environment but also advocates for social and economic equity.

For individuals like Binti, who find themselves climate refugees through no fault of their own, climate justice offers a path forward—a chance for a fairer, more sustainable world where communities are protected, and responsibilities are shared equitably.

DISCLAIMER: All names used in this article are purely fictional. Any resemblance to actual individuals, alive or dead, is purely coincidental.

CLG to provide legal and regulatory insights at the Congo Energy & Investment Forum

Economic Responsibility

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March 24, 2025

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CLG to provide legal and regulatory insights at the Congo Energy & Investment Forum

As Africa accelerates its transition to sustainable energy, the legal and regulatory frameworks guiding investment and development are becoming more critical than ever. At the inaugural Congo Energy & Investment Forum (CEIF) 2025, pan-African legal and advisory firm CLG (formerly Centurion Law Group) will offer expert analysis on how legal structures shape the future of Congo’s energy landscape and broader sustainability efforts.

CLG, the official legal partner of CEIF 2025, will use this platform to address investment challenges and opportunities in Congo’s evolving energy sector. A delegation of its top legal minds—including CEO and Group Managing Partner Zion Adeoye, Managing Director of CLG Congo Yves Ollivier, Tax and Legal Director for Cameroon Grace Yella, and Senior Associate Achare Takor—will lead key discussions during the event, scheduled for March 24-26 in Brazzaville.

Under the patronage of President Denis Sassou Nguesso and supported by the Ministry of Hydrocarbons and Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo, CEIF 2025 will unite international investors and African stakeholders to explore regional energy and infrastructure opportunities. The discussions will center on gas-to-power projects, the expansion of Congo’s energy sector, and policy innovations to enhance sustainability.

Read: How sustainable investment can outperform traditional investment in the long run

As part of its contributions, CLG will host a technical workshop titled Legal & Regulatory Frameworks for Congo’s Energy Market Development. This session will provide deep insights into licensing requirements, fiscal policies, and gas monetization strategies under Congo’s Hydrocarbons Code. Given Africa’s increasing focus on sustainable energy solutions, the workshop will also highlight how regulatory frameworks can incentivize cleaner energy investments, ensuring long-term economic and environmental benefits.

A major highlight of CEIF 2025 will be the unveiling of Congo’s Gas Master Plan and new Gas Code, both of which are crucial for the country’s gas monetization agenda. These initiatives align with Africa’s broader sustainability goals, as they seek to optimize natural resource management while fostering economic growth. Additionally, Congo will launch an international oil and gas licensing round, targeting investment in both marginal and deepwater blocks as part of its strategy to double oil production by 2027.

With the opening of a new office in Pointe-Noire, CLG is well-positioned to support energy professionals operating in Congo. Led by Yves Ollivier, the Pointe-Noire office will provide direct legal advisory services, helping investors and developers navigate Central Africa’s complex regulatory environment while mitigating risks. By integrating expertise in energy, infrastructure, mining, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, CLG is contributing to Africa’s sustainable development agenda.

The transition to a more sustainable energy future in Africa requires legal frameworks that promote responsible investment and regulatory stability. CLG’s involvement in CEIF 2025 underscores its commitment to guiding stakeholders through this transformation.
“CLG’s expertise in legal and regulatory frameworks is invaluable as we unlock the immense potential of Congo’s energy sector. Their insights will shape key discussions on the future of energy investment in Africa, ensuring that growth aligns with both economic and environmental priorities,” says Sandra Jeque, Events and Project Director at Energy Capital & Power.

Faster climate funding to protect water resources – A call to action on world water day

Snorre Westgaard

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March 21, 2025

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Faster climate funding to protect water resources – A call to action on world water day

By Snorre Westgaard, Chairman, Humana People to People

World Water Day reminds us that climate change threatens one of humanity’s most vital resource: water. Across the Global South, particularly in Africa, communities are grappling with increasing water insecurity. At Humana People to People (HPP), we work directly with these communities, helping local farmers adapt to changing climates. The challenge is not a lack of solutions but ensuring that climate funding is accessible and timely to implement them effectively.

Climate change is already disrupting lives. The consequences are severe, from prolonged droughts to erratic rainfall and melting glaciers. Yet, despite billions of dollars pledged for climate adaptation, many vulnerable communities remain without the support they need. The process of accessing these funds can be complex, and while progress is being made, we must continue working towards more efficient and responsive funding mechanisms to ensure communities receive timely assistance.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is one of the most important international funding mechanisms to help developing countries adapt to climate change. We have seen firsthand how GCF-backed initiatives can strengthen resilience and empower communities. Recognizing the need for greater accessibility, the GCF has been making strides in improving funding processes.

That is why we welcome the recent announcement that the GCF will open a Regional Office in Africa. This step signifies recognition of the need for quicker and more efficient funding disbursement. But this cannot be just a symbolic move. We need real action to ensure that climate finance reaches those who need it most fast.

Through our Farmers’ Clubs program, Humana People to People is empowering smallholder farmers with sustainable agricultural techniques that protect water resources and mitigate climate change. In Malawi, farmers are learning to conserve soil moisture through agroforestry, reducing water loss and increasing yields. In Mozambique, our climate-smart irrigation techniques are helping farmers cultivate crops even in drought-prone regions. In Zambia, sustainable land management practices are preventing deforestation and preserving local water sources.

These local farmers are not only adapting to climate change but also actively improving the environment by planting trees, reducing deforestation, and producing food for their communities without burning fossil fuels. Their efforts contribute to global climate resilience, yet they receive only a fraction of the support they deserve.

A call to action

As we mark World Water Day, we must acknowledge that water insecurity is a climate crisis. Urgent funding is needed to support communities on the frontlines of climate change. Organizations like Humana People to People, alongside many others, have the expertise and local networks to implement solutions, but much more needs to be done.

We call on international funders to continue their commitment to climate finance while ensuring that processes are as efficient and accessible as possible. The world cannot afford delays while communities suffer from preventable water shortages. Together, we can build on the progress already made and take further steps to accelerate funding that protects water resources and supports climate adaptation efforts.

Local communities understand their challenges best. They know what needs to be done and are ready to act. What they need is support, investment, and partnership. Let this World Water Day be a turning point where promises of climate finance turn into rapid, tangible action to protect water resources and secure a sustainable future for all.

CDP and EFRAG align climate reporting with EU’s ESRS E1 standard

Lisa Matata

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March 20, 2025

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CDP and EFRAG align climate reporting with EU’s ESRS E1 standard

CDP, the global environmental disclosure platform, and the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG), a leader in corporate reporting, have released a detailed correspondence mapping that highlights a significant alignment between CDP’s question bank and the European Sustainability Reporting Standard for climate disclosures (ESRS E1). This mapping serves as a strategic resource for businesses navigating climate reporting, demonstrating a growing shift towards harmonized global sustainability disclosure frameworks.

The new mapping identifies key commonalities in critical climate disclosure areas, including climate change transition plans, emissions targets, gross Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions, and internal carbon pricing. By illustrating these overlaps, CDP and EFRAG provide a streamlined approach for companies that report under both frameworks, reducing the reporting burden and enhancing the accessibility of climate-related data.

Sherry Madera, CEO of CDP, underscored the importance of this initiative:
“We are proud to unveil this mapping because it shows we are about more than ticking reporting boxes. We are about making data useful and cutting the burden for businesses. By bridging ESRS E1 and the CDP question bank, companies can cut reporting complexity, tap into richer climate data, and unlock real business value. These insights will power smarter business strategies, spark innovation, and fuel the Earth-positive decisions we urgently need.”

For businesses operating within the EU and beyond, this alignment offers multiple advantages. First, it ensures consistency in reporting, reducing duplication of efforts and streamlining compliance with the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Second, it enables companies to leverage comprehensive climate data to support strategic decision-making, enhance risk assessment, and meet investor and regulatory expectations.
Patrick de Cambourg, Chair of EFRAG’s Sustainability Reporting Board, highlighted the strategic benefit of the initiative:
“This mapping provides a valuable resource for companies navigating climate disclosures under the European Sustainability Reporting Standard E1. By illustrating the alignment between ESRS E1 and the CDP question bank, we support reporting efficiency by fostering commonality and avoiding multiple reports. EFRAG remains committed to fostering interoperability and reducing complexity in the sustainability reporting landscape.”

This initiative represents a pivotal advancement in corporate sustainability reporting, particularly in reducing complexity for multinational corporations and European businesses subject to CSRD requirements. Given the increasing regulatory scrutiny on climate disclosures, the ability to align reporting practices with recognized international standards is critical for ensuring compliance and improving corporate transparency.

By establishing interoperability between the ESRS E1 standard and CDP’s question bank, this mapping makes it easier for companies to:

Align their climate risk assessments with regulatory requirements.
Standardize emissions data reporting across multiple jurisdictions.
Integrate sustainability data into corporate decision-making and financial planning.
Reduce the administrative costs and time associated with multiple disclosures.

The alignment of CDP and ESRS E1 is expected to have a ripple effect across financial markets. Investors increasingly demand high-quality, comparable sustainability data to assess climate-related risks and opportunities. This mapping supports businesses in providing investors with standardized climate disclosures, improving capital allocation towards sustainable investments.

Moreover, for organizations already disclosing through CDP, this initiative simplifies the transition to ESRS E1 compliance, ensuring that their reporting efforts contribute to both investor expectations and regulatory mandates. This further enhances the value of corporate climate disclosures, transforming them from compliance exercises into strategic tools that drive innovation and business resilience.

The CDP-EFRAG collaboration is a step towards broader global interoperability in sustainability reporting. CDP and EFRAG have indicated that they will continue refining their partnership to further enhance reporting efficiency and support businesses in their sustainability journeys. This includes ongoing efforts to enhance the clarity and accessibility of sustainability disclosures, develop further synergies between corporate reporting frameworks and provide guidance and resources to help businesses navigate evolving sustainability regulations.

In a rapidly evolving regulatory landscape, where businesses must balance compliance with strategic sustainability commitments, such initiatives serve as crucial mechanisms for driving meaningful climate action while reducing administrative burdens.
As corporate sustainability reporting continues to evolve, the alignment between CDP and ESRS E1 marks a significant milestone in the journey toward standardized, efficient, and impactful climate disclosures. By reducing complexity and enhancing data usability, this initiative not only supports businesses in meeting regulatory requirements but also empowers them to harness sustainability data for innovation and long-term resilience.
With increasing pressure from investors, regulators, and stakeholders, organizations that leverage this alignment will be better positioned to navigate the future of climate reporting while driving meaningful environmental and financial outcomes. The ongoing collaboration between CDP and EFRAG signals a promising direction for sustainability reporting, where alignment and interoperability pave the way for more transparent, effective, and actionable climate disclosures.

COP30’s deforestation dilemma: Paving a road to save the planet?

Economic Responsibility

Lisa Matata

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March 20, 2025

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COP30’s deforestation dilemma: Paving a road to save the planet?

As the world gears up for COP30 in Belém, Brazil, a troubling paradox is unfolding in the heart of the Amazon. A four-lane motorway, Avenida Liberdade, is being carved through a protected rainforest area—ironically, to improve access to a climate conference meant to champion environmental conservation. The move has sparked outrage among environmentalists, exposing the contradictions in global climate action.

The road That divides opinion

The Amazon, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a critical role in absorbing carbon dioxide and regulating the planet’s climate. Yet, in preparation for COP30, large swathes of trees are being cleared, replacing biodiversity with asphalt. The state government of Pará insists that the road’s construction predates Belém’s selection as the conference host and is not directly linked to COP30. However, critics argue that the timing of the project and its location—cutting through a protected area—make the connection undeniable.

To many, the construction project symbolizes the inherent contradictions of climate diplomacy. How can world leaders gather to discuss halting deforestation while standing on freshly cleared land? How can commitments to reduce carbon emissions be taken seriously when a key climate summit is quite literally paving over nature?

Balancing infrastructure and conservation

Brazilian authorities argue that the road is essential for the smooth operation of COP30, ensuring the arrival of international delegates and improving connectivity in the region. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has positioned Brazil as a leader in sustainability, vowing to end illegal deforestation by 2030. Yet, his administration faces a delicate balancing act—between economic development and environmental responsibility.

This tension isn’t new. Brazil has long struggled with the competing demands of conservation and industrial expansion. The Amazon is home to invaluable ecosystems, yet also a site for lucrative industries such as agriculture, mining, and infrastructure projects. The challenge lies in finding a way to modernize without eroding the very natural resources the world depends on.

What COP30 means for the Amazon

COP30’s location in Belém is a symbolic gesture, bringing global attention to the Amazon’s plight. But symbols alone are not enough. If the conference fails to address the urgent threats to the rainforest—including illegal deforestation, mining, and land grabbing—the event risks becoming an empty spectacle rather than a platform for real change.

Activists are calling for stronger protections, demanding that Brazil not only halt deforestation but also reforest damaged areas. Indigenous communities, who have been stewards of the Amazon for centuries, are urging world leaders to listen to their voices rather than corporate interests.

The road to COP30—both literal and metaphorical—will be a test of global climate commitment. Will the summit be remembered as a turning point in conservation efforts? Or will it go down as the conference that sacrificed trees for traffic? The answer lies in the actions taken, not just the promises made, in Belém.

Economic Report on Africa 2025: Advancing the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)

Lisa Matata

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March 19, 2025

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Economic Report on Africa 2025: Advancing the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)

The Economic Report on Africa 2025 is out, offering an in-depth analysis of Africa’s economic trajectory and the pivotal role of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in shaping the continent’s future. The report highlights the progress made in AfCFTA’s implementation, the challenges encountered, and the transformative potential of trade-led integration. As Africa navigates post-pandemic recovery, the report emphasizes the need for strategic investments, coordinated policies, and structural reforms to unlock AfCFTA’s full potential.

With a youthful population, abundant natural resources, and expanding consumer markets, Africa has immense opportunities for economic growth. However, despite a rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic, growth rates remain below pre-pandemic levels, slowing progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Economic Report on Africa 2025 provides a roadmap for leveraging AfCFTA to drive industrialization, economic diversification, and sustainable development.

Progress in AfCFTA implementation

Significant strides have been made in implementing AfCFTA. A major milestone was the launch of the Guided Trade Initiative (GTI) in October 2022, which facilitated the first transactions under the agreement. Initially, seven countries—Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Rwanda, and Tanzania—plus Tunisia participated, trading a select range of products such as ceramic tiles, batteries, tea, coffee, processed meat products, corn starch, sugar, pasta, glucose syrup, dried fruits, and sisal fiber. The initiative has now expanded to over 30 countries, including Africa’s two largest economies, Nigeria and South Africa.

The GTI experience has provided several key takeaways:

Institutional frameworks are critical – Governments must establish structures to support AfCFTA implementation at the national level.
Greater awareness of trade rules is needed – Many businesses assumed that AfCFTA’s preferential trade regime meant zero tariffs immediately, leading to confusion.
Transportation and logistics are essential – Trade efficiency depends on well-functioning ports, roads, and customs procedures.
Diplomatic commercial presence enhances trade – Strengthening economic diplomacy fosters stronger trade relations.

AfCFTA’s trade liberalization schedule

AfCFTA’s trade liberalization follows a phased approach to ensure smooth transition for both Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Non-LDCs:

Table 2.1: Schedule of Liberalization of Trade in Goods under AfCFTA

Products/Countries	Least Developed Countries (LDCs)	Non-Least Developed Countries (Non-LDCs)
Full Liberalization	90% of tariff lines (10 years)	90% of tariff lines (5 years)
Sensitive Products	7% of tariff lines (13 years)	7% of tariff lines (10 years)
Excluded Products	3% of tariff lines	3% of tariff lines

This schedule ensures a gradual reduction in trade barriers, allowing countries at different development stages to adjust accordingly.

AfCFTA’s economic potential and challenges

If fully implemented, AfCFTA could increase intra-African trade by 40%, reducing dependence on external markets. By promoting regional value chains, the agreement enables African countries to shift from exporting raw materials to producing value-added goods such as processed foods, textiles, and automotive components.

However, several challenges must be addressed:

Infrastructure gaps – Poor roads, unreliable energy supply, and inefficient ports hinder seamless trade.
Regulatory misalignment – Varying trade policies across countries create bottlenecks.
Limited digital trade frameworks – Digital commerce remains underutilized due to fragmented regulations.
Environmental concerns – While intra-African trade is projected to grow 35% by 2045, emissions will rise by less than 1%, necessitating sustainable trade policies.

Strategic actions for AfCFTA’s success

To maximize AfCFTA’s impact, the Economic Report on Africa 2025 recommends:

Investing in Infrastructure: Upgrading roads, railways, and energy networks to reduce trade costs.
Strengthening Policy Coordination: Harmonizing trade rules to facilitate smoother cross-border transactions.
Building Business Awareness: Educating exporters and importers on AfCFTA’s trade benefits.
Expanding Digital Trade: Standardizing e-commerce regulations to boost online trade and financial transactions.

AfCFTA is a blueprint for Africa’s economic transformation. By fostering industrialization, deepening regional integration, and enhancing economic resilience, AfCFTA aligns with Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. However, its success depends on strong political will, strategic investments, and sustained collaboration among governments, businesses, and regional institutions.

The Economic Report on Africa 2025 serves as a guiding document, outlining actionable steps to accelerate AfCFTA’s implementation. With the right policies in place, Africa is well-positioned to emerge as a global trade hub, where intra-African commerce fuels prosperity, job creation, and long-term sustainable development.

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Economic Report on Africa 2025: Advancing the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)

Progress in AfCFTA implementation

AfCFTA’s trade liberalization schedule

Table 2.1: Schedule of Liberalization of Trade in Goods under AfCFTA

AfCFTA’s economic potential and challenges

Strategic actions for AfCFTA’s success